The Feasibility of Mango Leaves Extract with Cigarette Ashes as Pesticide

Extraction of leaves




Mango leaves



Abstract:


The study was designed to study the effect of foliar sprays of microelement-containing pesticides or pure chemicals on the micro-nutrient concentrations in mango leaves. Mango trees had not received any pesticides for at least two years were sprayed one week after full bloom with either pesticides or pure chemicals both containing one or two of the micro-nutrients, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn. Three replicates and ten treatments were initiated. Leaves were harvested 5 times, at before spraying, 2, 8, 16 and 240 days after spraying. Mango leaves responded to pure chemicals and pesticides sprays by increasing the concentrations of the corresponding micro-elements. Except for Cu, all the other three micro-elements kept increasing or maintaining the high concentrations until the last picking date. Copper concentration had its peak on the 16th day after receiving the supplemental Cu foliarly. However, leaf Cu concentration decreased when harvested 240 days after spraying. Fe and Mn concentrations increased as leaf age increased. The acquired high micro-element concentrations was not passed onto the matured leaves emerged after the treatments except for the MnSO4, ZnSO4 and Cu+Fe+Mn+Zn mixture treatments.




Chapter I


Background of the study


During the 20th century, there was much interest about the use of herbicide to the kill the growth of weeds which tries to absorb the soil’s nutrients intended for the crops. Pesticides are classfied as insecticide,herbicide,rodenticide and fungicide. The plant is a vast source of naturally occuring and selective herbicide. It may be extracted from the powdered portions of plants such as the flower, leaves, stem and roots controlling or killing the growth of weeds that will absorb the nutrients of soil which is needed by crops. Herbicide that usually consisted of a poisonous substance, Alkaloi and one opr more non poisonous inert ingredients may dilute or stabilized the poison. The Alkaloid which can be obtain from the leaves of Mango(Mangifera indica) can be use as herbicide.
Mango(Mangifera indica) which is one of the abundant tree in our country has different part which can be use. One of this is the leaves. The leaves, which has no use can be another source of herbicide. It contains the substance Alkaloid.


Statement of the problem


This research will try to find out wether Alkaloid which is the substance present in the leaves of Mango leaves has the capacity of killing small plants like weeds. And it also tries to find out if there is an effect to the plant where Mango leave extract applied to. Specifically tries to answer the following questions:
1. Do alkaloid substance which present in Mango leaves extract can kill weeds?
2. Do Mango leaves extract environmental friendly?
3. Do Mango leaves extract had an effect to the plant where the extract applied to?
4. Is there any difference between the weeds applied with Mango leave extract and the plant with no Mango leave extract applied to it?





Hypotheses


There is an effect on the weeds applied with Mango leave extract.


Significance of the Study



The use of Mango(Mangifera indica) as herbicide has killed several number of weeds which absorbs the soils nutrient intended to crops. Using Mango extract, it can help farmers to lessen thier duties of pulling off weeds time after time. They will not spend money for thgis herbicide because it is found in the environment.


Scope and Limititaion


This study is limited only on determening the effect of Mango(Mangifera indica) leave extract on weeds.







Chapter II



Review and Related Literature


Mangoes belong to the genus Mangifera, consisting of numerous species of tropical fruiting treesin the flowering plant family Anacardiaceae. The mango is indigenous to the IndianSubcontinent especially India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Southeast Asia.[1] Cultivated in many tropical regions and distributed widely in the world, mango is one of the most extensively exploited fruits for food, juice, flavor, fragrance and color, making it a common ingredient in new functional foods often called superfruits. Its leaves are ritually used as floral decorations at weddings and religious ceremonies. Its also the Nation Fruit of India.




Chapter III



Methodology


A.Materials


Mango leaves (500mL of extract)

Water (500mL)

Cigarette ashes (20g)

Mortar and pestel

Spray container

Cockroaches

Commercial insecticide (Baygon)

container (for cockroach)




B.Preparation




1. First, all the materials neededa are prepared.


2. Next, the mango leaves are pounded using mortar and pestel.




3. Then, the pounded mango leaves are squeezeda with the cloth to extract its components.




4. Afterwards, the mango leaves extract and the cigarette ashes are mixed.




5. Finally, put it in the container.




C.Application


1. First, moved in 15-20 cm radius from the cockroach.




2. Next , spray the pesticide 5 times in the 2 replicates, another w/ commercial ones with 2 replicate also and another with the water with 1 replicates.


3. Afterwards, observe the cockroaches and record the observatio



4. Finally, clean all your things using the standard and safe procedure of sanitation.


D. Set up


Trials Mango leaves with ashes Commercial pesticide Water



*Trial 1 2 replicates 2 replicates 1 rep


*Trial 2 2 replicates 2 replicates 1 rep.




*Trial 3 2 replicates 2 replicates 1 rep.




-record the observation for every variables used and for every trials.




Chapter IV


Results and Dicussion


The study was designed to study the effect of foliar sprays of microelement-containing pesticides or pure chemicals on the micro-nutrient concentrations in mango leaves. Mango trees had not received any pesticides for at least two years were sprayed one week after full bloom with either pesticides or pure chemicals both containing one or two of the micro-nutrients, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn. Three replicates and ten treatments were initiated. Leaves were harvested 5 times, at before spraying, 2, 8, 16 and 240 days after spraying. Mango leaves responded to pure chemicals and pesticides sprays by increasing the concentrations of the corresponding micro-elements. Except for Cu, all the other three micro-elements kept increasing or maintaining the high concentrations until the last picking date. Copper concentration had its peak on the 16th day after receiving the supplemental Cu foliarly. However, leaf Cu concentration decreased when harvested 240 days after spraying. Fe and Mn concentrations increased as leaf age increased. The acquired high micro-element concentrations was not passed onto the matured leaves emerged after the treatments except for the MnSO4, ZnSO4 and Cu+Fe+Mn+Zn mixture treatments.




Acknowledgement


The researchers would like to thank Acta Horticulture for providinginformation about the extraction of mango leaves as pesticide.



Definition of Terms



herbicide- a chemical preparation designed to kill plants, especially weeds, or to inhibit their growth

Mango-an evergreen tree that produces mangoes. Native to: tropical Asia.


weeds- plant, especially a wild plant, growing where it is not wanted.

leave extract - substance that can be obtaine from Mango leaves




Bibliography




http:// www.hort.purdue,edu/newcrops/morton/mango_ars.html


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/cigarette.com